Understanding the Bush Doctrine

The term Bush Doctrine applies to the foreign policy approach that President  George W. Bush practiced during this two terms, January 2001 to January 2009. It was the basis for the American invasion of Iraq in 2003. Neoconservative Framework The Bush Doctrine grew out of  neoconservative dissatisfaction with President Bill Clintons handling of the Iraqi regime of Saddam Hussein in the 1990s. The U.S. had beaten Iraq in the 1991 Persian Gulf War. That wars goals, however, were limited to forcing Iraq to abandon its occupation of Kuwait and did not include toppling Saddam. Many neoconservatives  voiced concern that the U.S. did not depose Saddam. Post-war peace terms also dictated that Saddam  allow United Nations inspectors to periodically search Iraq for evidence of programs to build weapons of mass destruction, which could include chemical or nuclear weapons. Saddam repeatedly angered neo-cons as he stalled or prohibited U.N. inspections. Neoconservatives Letter to Clinton In January 1998, a group of neoconservative hawks, who advocated warfare, if necessary, to achieve their goals, sent a letter to Clinton calling for the removal of Saddam. They said that Saddams interference with U.N. weapons inspectors made it impossible to gain any concrete intelligence about Iraqi weapons. For the neo-cons, Saddams firing of SCUD missiles at Israel during the Gulf War and his use of chemical weapons against Iran in the 1980s erased any doubt about whether he would use any WMD he obtained. The group stressed its view that containment of Saddams Iraq had failed. As the main point of their letter, they said: Given the magnitude of the threat, the current policy, which depends for its success upon the steadfastness of our coalition partners and upon the cooperation of Saddam Hussein, is dangerously inadequate. The only acceptable strategy is one that eliminates the possibility that Iraq will be able to use or threaten to use weapons of mass destruction. In the near term, this means a willingness to undertake military action as diplomacy is clearly failing. In the long term, it means removing Saddam Hussein and his regime from power. That now needs to become the aim of American foreign policy. Signers of the letter included Donald Rumsfeld, who would become Bushs first secretary of defense, and Paul Wolfowitz, who would become undersecretary of defense. America First Unilateralism The Bush Doctrine has an element of America first unilateralism that revealed itself well before the 9/11 terrorist attacks on the United States, the so-called War on Terror or the Iraq War. That revelation came in March 2001, just two months into Bushs presidency, when he withdrew the United States from the U.N.s Kyoto Protocol  to reduce worldwide greenhouse gasses. Bush reasoned that transitioning American industry from coal to cleaner electricity or natural gas would drive up energy costs and force rebuilding of manufacturing infrastructures. The decision made the United States one of two developed nations not subscribing to the Kyoto Protocol. The other was Australia, which has since made plans to join protocol nations. As of January 2017, the U.S. still had not ratified the Kyoto Protocol. With Us or With the Terrorists After the al-Qaida terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and Pentagon on Sept. 11, 2001, the Bush Doctrine took on a new dimension. That night, Bush told Americans that, in fighting terrorism, the U.S. would not distinguish between terrorists and nations that harbor terrorists. Bush expanded on that when he addressed a joint session of Congress on Sept. 20, 2001. He said: We will pursue nations that provide aid or safe haven to terrorism. Every nation, in every region, now has a decision to make. Either you are with us, or you are with the terrorists. From this day forward, any nation that continues to harbor or support terrorism will be regarded by the United States as a hostile regime. In October 2001, U.S. and allied troops invaded Afghanistan, where intelligence indicated the Taliban-held government was harboring al-Qaida. Preventive War In January 2002, Bushs foreign policy headed toward one of preventive war. Bush described Iraq, Iran and North Korea as an axis of evil that supported terrorism and sought weapons of mass destruction. Well be deliberate, yet time is not on our side. I will not wait on events while dangers gather. I will not stand by as peril draws closer and closer. The United States of America will not permit the worlds most dangerous regimes to threaten us with the worlds most destructive weapons, Bush said. As Washington Post columnist Dan Froomkin commented, Bush was putting a new spin on traditional war policy. Pre-emption has in fact been a staple of our foreign policy for ages -- and other countries as well, Froomkin wrote. The twist Bush put on it was embracing preventive war: Taking action well before an attack was imminent -- invading a country that was simply perceived as threatening. By the end of 2002, the Bush administration was talking openly about the possibility of Iraq possessing WMD and reiterating that it harbored and supported terrorists. That rhetoric indicated that the hawks who had written Clinton in 1998 now held sway in the Bush Cabinet. A U.S.-led coalition invaded Iraq in March 2003, quickly toppling Saddams regime in a shock and awe campaign. Legacy A bloody insurgency against the  American occupation of Iraq and the U.S. inability to quickly prop up a working democratic government damaged the credibility of the Bush Doctrine. Most damaging was the absence of weapons of mass destruction in Iraq. Any preventive war doctrine relies on the support of good intelligence, but the absence of WMD highlighted a problem of faulty intelligence. The Bush Doctrine essentially died in 2006. By then the military force in Iraq was focusing on damage repair and pacification, and the militarys preoccupation with and focus on Iraq had enabled the Taliban in Afghanistan to reverse American successes there. In November 2006, public dissatisfaction with the wars enabled Democrats to reclaim control of Congress. It also forced Bush to usher the hawk -- most notably Rumsfeld -- out of his Cabinet.

The Power of Love in Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice

In the novel Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen, a major theme is the power of love and its ability to overcome hardships. In this novel the protagonist, Elizabeth Bennet, yearns for a life with much more meaning than being dependent on a spouse for the rest of her life. Jane Austen wrote this novel in a time period in which women were expected to marry in order to attain financial security rather than marry for love. Mr. Darcy, a man of wealth and high social status, is initially loathed by Elizabeth due to his prejudice against her status and family’s lack of money and manners. Overcoming social barriers, Elizabeth and Darcy find that their true feeling towards each other was love. Austen utilizes the main protagonist, Elizabeth Bennet, as strong feminist who breaks away from her societal expectations and overcomes various hardships to be united with her true love. Love is a central theme in this novel which becomes the driving force behind Austen’s purpose of empower ing women to refuse social norm and follow their hearts despite social expectations. Austen establishes the theme of love throughout the novel by incorporating many characters that benefit Elizabeth socially. Yet due to her opposition to abide to social standards, she denies and turns them down. The author set this novel in the nineteenth century of English society which viewed women as another possession of men. The cult of domesticity was strictly set to social standard as it was worth praise to seeShow MoreRelatedNorthanger Abbey as a Precursor to Pride and Prejudice Essay1614 Words   |  7 PagesJane Austen’s Northanger Abbey is frequently described as a novel about reading—reading novels and reading people—while Pride and Prejudice is said to be a story about love, about two people overcoming their own pride and prejudices to realize their feelings for each other. 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Loreal Marketing Free Essays

Principles of Marketing L’Oreal 1. The core, tangible and augmented products L’Oreal sells. The core product of the hair care products sold by the company includes the customers feeling good about themself after using the product. We will write a custom essay sample on Loreal Marketing or any similar topic only for you Order Now The tangible is he physical hair care product e. g. bottle, what the product claims to do for e. g. more shiny hair. 2 L’Oreal’s marketing managers have key branding decisions they must make. These include selecting a brand name and going onto getting a brand strategy. L’Oreal would need to decide on the branding in terms of what name to use and the icon to go with it. Brand strategy includes: Multibrand, range branding, corporate branding, company and individual branding strategy. Multibrand strategy includes bringing out more than one product in one product category. Range branding strategy involves the company deciding to introduce more than one different product to the same category of products however having a different name for products in different areas of the market. Corporate branding involves the company choosing to include just one brand for all the products introduced to the market and company and individual branding strategy includes that the company brand is included on all the products in the market however each product also has its own brand name. L’Oreal would be required to make the decision of what marketing brand strategy to use, For e. g. they may choose to introduce a new hair care product to the market and use a corporate brand strategy where they use the L’Oreal brand all products. L’Oreal also have other branding decisions including the branding position, name selection, brand sponsorship and development. L’Oreal must decide on its brand positioning. This includes the products attributes, benefits and beliefs and attitudes of the product. The attributes include what the hair care products attributes are for e. g. the healthy ingredients in the hair care products. Benefits include what result the customers would expect from the attributes of the product. For e. g. L’Oreal’s benefits may be shiny hair due to the ingredients in the product. L’Oreal may however choose a brand positioning of beliefs and attitudes. L’Oreal would also need to make decisions on the brands name. This includes making decisions towards the brand name in order to ensure that the brand name is easy to memorise, say and identify. 3 The considerations L’Oreal faces in determining global product decisions include adapting their products to suit the various cultures of various countries the hair care products are being marketed in. For e. g. the pa How to cite Loreal Marketing, Papers

A Man For All Seasons A man Cannot Serve Two Masters Neither Thomas More or the Common Man are able to serve two masters Essay Example For Students

A Man For All Seasons A man Cannot Serve Two Masters Neither Thomas More or the Common Man are able to serve two masters Essay In the play A Man for All Seasons by Roger Bolt, The Spanish Ambassador Chapuys says to Steward, a role played by the common man, No man can serve two mastersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Bolt, 24. Within the play this statement is proven true for all the characters, especially for The Common Man and Sir Thomas More. The Common Man, shows himself time and again that he truly serves one master and that master is himself; whereas with More attempts to serve two masters. More attempt to serve King Henry of England, and God. By the end of the play it is shown that More cannot serve two masters despite all his efforts. We will write a custom essay on A Man For All Seasons A man Cannot Serve Two Masters Neither Thomas More or the Common Man are able to serve two masters specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now It is apparent within the play that the Common Man is serving himself as his only master and no one else. In the play it may seem that he is not a self-serving character due to the fact that he obeys what people tell him to do, for instance in his conversations with Cromwell, and Chapuys, they ask him for knowledge about his master, Sir Thomas More. Firstly Cromwell asks him information concerning Mores attitude towards the Kings divorce of his wife the Queen. The Common Man replies, Sir, Sir Thomas doesnt talk about ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦He doesnt talk about it to his wife, sirà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Sir, he goes white when its mentioned! Cromwell hands coin: All Right.Bolt, 23.. Later with his conversation with Chapuys he is asked about Mores spirituality, Sir Thomas rises at six, sir, and prays for an hour and a halfà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦During lent, sir he lived entirely on bread and waterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦He goes to twice a week, sir. Parish Priest. Dominicanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Bolt, 24. Chapuys then replies to the Common Man, Good, simple man. Here. Gives coin. Goingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Bolt, 24. As you can see he does what he wants for himself and no other especially divulging information for money. The Common Man also only holds loyalty unto himself and no other. At the first sign his needs will no longer be met to his satisfaction he leaves. For when More loses his job and no longer has an income, the Common Man collects his belongings and leaves, Now, damn me isnt that them all overà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦I nearly fell for ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦`Matthew, will you kindly take a cut in your wages? `No, Sir Thomas I will not.Bolt, 57. The Common Man is a very sly person, and holds nothing back when it comes to him and a job. This is evident as he acquires a position with Richard Rich, another very self- serving person by easily manipulating him. Richard Rich had no inclination to hire the Common Man; he was manipulated so well that the Common Man gets a job, Oh. Oh, I must contradict you there, sir; thats your imagination. In those days, sir, you still had your way to make. And a gentleman in that position often imagines these things. Then when hes  risen to his proper level, sir, he stops thinking about ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Well I dont think you find people `disrespectful nowadays, do you sir?Bolt, 61-62. Now, Sir Thomas More, through out the play tries to balance his life between God and King. More as he obeys God and King prays for his King, Dear Lord give us rest tonight, or if we must be wakeful, cheerful. Careful only for our souls salvation. For Christ sake. Amen. And bless our lord the King.Bolt, 8. To continue his service for both God and King, More is willing to sacrifice everything if it will allow him to serve both; There is my right arm. A practical position. Take your dagger and saw it from my shoulder, and I will laugh and be thankful, if by that means I can come with Your Grace with a clear conscience.Bolt, 31. For in the play More is forced with a choice, to either continue in his service to King Henry and go against the Catholic Church or quite his job and continue in his service to the King, If the Bishops in Convocation submitted this morning, Ill take it offà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Its no degradation.Bolt, 48. .u2221453acc16624efbc868d09c994551 , .u2221453acc16624efbc868d09c994551 .postImageUrl , .u2221453acc16624efbc868d09c994551 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2221453acc16624efbc868d09c994551 , .u2221453acc16624efbc868d09c994551:hover , .u2221453acc16624efbc868d09c994551:visited , .u2221453acc16624efbc868d09c994551:active { border:0!important; } .u2221453acc16624efbc868d09c994551 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2221453acc16624efbc868d09c994551 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2221453acc16624efbc868d09c994551:active , .u2221453acc16624efbc868d09c994551:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2221453acc16624efbc868d09c994551 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2221453acc16624efbc868d09c994551 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2221453acc16624efbc868d09c994551 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2221453acc16624efbc868d09c994551 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2221453acc16624efbc868d09c994551:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2221453acc16624efbc868d09c994551 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2221453acc16624efbc868d09c994551 .u2221453acc16624efbc868d09c994551-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2221453acc16624efbc868d09c994551:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Lord of the Flies Argumentative EssayIn the play the Act of Supremacy is passed. The purpose of this act is to affirm that the King is the Supreme Head of the Church in England. If More were not to swear to this act he would be committing high treason against the King. Since More believes that he can serve two masters, he roots through the act looking for a loophole. A loophole that will allow him to continue serving his God and King. Supreme Head of the Church in England `so far as the law of God allow it remains a matter of opinion since the act doesnt state it.Bolt, 48 Only at the very end of his life, as he sits in a courtroom does he finally realize that he cannot se rve God and King. It is here that he realizes that he must choose, and he chooses God. After Richard Rich perjures himself to convict More in court, Cromwell offers More his last chance to choose between God and King, and More does choose God above all, To what purpose? I am a dead man. To Cromwell. You have your desire of me. What you have hunted me for is not my actions, but the thoughts of my heart. It is a long road you have opened. For first men will disclaim there hearts and presently they will have no hearts. God help the people whose Statesmen walk your road.Bolt, 95. It is evident that in the play A Man For All Seasons by Robert Bolt the characters in focus, The Common Man serves but one master himself. And Sir Thomas More who attempt to serve two masters is unable and in the end when he chooses to serve his King keep his life and lose his soul, or serve his God keep his soul and  lose his life. He chooses God. This play clearly shows that, no man can serve two masters.